单片机数字钟设计

摘要
近年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透和大规模集成电路的发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，由于它具有功能强，体积小，功耗低，价格便宜，工作可靠，使用方便等特点，因此特别适合于与控制有关的系统，越来越广泛地应用于自动控制，智能化仪器，仪表，数据采集，军工产品以及家用电器等各个领域，单片机往往是作为一个核心部件来使用，在根据具体硬件结构，以及针对具体应用对象特点的软件结合，以作完善。
本次设计中以单片机的发展过程和发展方向为背景，介绍了单片机的输入输出的工作原理和操作方法，中断的工作原理和操作方法。4511的工作原理和操作方法，LED的内部结构。电路设计及调试过程。
 本次做的数字钟是以单片机（AT89C51）为核心，结合相关的元器件（共阴极LED数码显示器、BCD-锁存/7段译码/驱动器CC4511等），再配以相应的软件，达到制作简易数字钟的目的，其硬件部分难点在于元器件的选择、布局及焊接。
关键词：单片机    AT89C51    共阴极LED数码显示器    BCD-锁存/7段译码/驱动器CC4511   
Abstract
In recent years, with computers in the infiltration and the development of large-scale integrated circuits.  SCM application is steadily deepening, as it has strong function, small size, low power dissipation, low prices, reliable, easy to use features, it is particularly suited to and control of the system, increasingly widely used in automatic control, intelligent instruments, gauges, data acquisition, military products and household appliances, and other areas, is often microcontroller as a core component to use, In light of specific hardware architecture, and application-specific software features object combine to make perfect.
The design of a microcontroller development process and the direction of development as the background, the computer's input and output of the working principle and method of operation interrupted the principle and method of operation. 4511, the principle and method of operation, LED internal structure. Circuit design and debugging process.
 The figures do bell on SCM (AT89C51) at the core, Combined with the components (a total of cathode LED digital display, BCD - latch /7 of decoding / actuator CC4511), and factoring in the corresponding software, Easy to produce digital clock purposes, as part of the hardware components is a difficult choice, layout and welding.
Keywords : Single Chip Microcomputer    AT89C51    Total cathode LED figures display    BCD-the lock save/7 the segments translate code/actuator CC4511

目录
摘要.............................................................................. - 1 -
目录.............................................................................. - 3 -
引言.............................................................................. - 4 -
第一章 题目 ...................................................................... - 5 -
1.2、设计目的..................................................................... - 5 -
第二章  单片机发展历史 ........................................................... - 5 -
2.1三大阶段 .......................................................................- 5 -
2.2  如果将8位单片机的推出作为起点 ............................................... - 6 -
2.3  单片机的发展趋势............................................................. - 7 -
第三章  单片机的组成及特点.........................................................- 9 -
3.1  单片机的组成..................................................................- 9 -
3.2  单片机的特点..................................................................- 9 -
3.3  单片机的分类  ...............................................................- 10 -
第四章 单片机的应用 ..............................................................- 10 -
4.1单片机的应用分类...............................................................- 10 -
第五章  数字种的构成 .............................................................- 12 -
5.1  数字钟的构成 ................................................................- 12 -
5.2  实验中所需的器材.............................................................- 13 -
5.3  方案选择与相关技术...........................................................- 13 -
5.4  AT89C51的单片机简介 .........................................................- 13 -
5.4.1  主要特性 ................................................................. - 15 -
5.4.2  管脚说明...................................................................- 16 -
5.4.3  振荡器特性 ................................................................- 20 -
5.4.5  单片机的中断 ..............................................................- 22 -
5.5   CC4511 集成简介............................................................ - 25 -
5.5.1  4511集成分析...............................................................- 25 -
5.5.2  4511的逻辑图...............................................................- 26 -
5.6   LED数码显示器简介.......................................................... - 26 -
5.6.1  LED数码显示器的结构 .......................................................- 27 -
5.6.2  LED数码显示器有两种连接方法................................................- 27 -
第六章  电路设计 .................................................................- 27 -
6.1 电路接法..................................................................... - 27 -
6.1.1  晶体振荡器与AT89C51的接法..................................................- 27 -
6.1.2  单片机复位电路的连接...................................................... - 28 -
6.1.3  单片机AT89C51银脚的连接 ...................................................- 28 -
6.1.4  译码器CC4511的银脚连接 ....................................................- 29 -
6.1.5   CC4511与共阴极LED的连接方式...............................................- 29 -
6.2 数字钟电路图................................................................. - 29 -
第七章 调试过程...................................................................- 31 -
总结..............................................................................- 31 -
参考文献......................................................................... - 32 -
致谢..............................................................................- 32 -
附录一：C语言程序.................................................................- 32 -
附录2:汇编程序 ...................................................................- 43 -